Braking systems of trains

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• Increased weight, length and speed of trains
  • Freight trains
    • Methods of forming and freight trains of high-mass and length
      • Train with the production of locomotives in the head
      • Train with the production of locomotives in the head and tail
      • Train with the production of locomotives in the head and part of
      • The connection of freight trains
    • Additional requirements for driving a train high weight and length
    • Driving freight trains weighing from 6 to 12 thousand tons
      • Preparation and checking of equipment avtotormoznogo
      • Service braking
      • Emergency braking
      • Regime map
    • Comparison of the train with a locomotive at the head and the train and the locomotives at the head and tail of the train
    • Driving features coupled with a freight train brake line ununited
      • Synchronization system
    • The conditions under which permitted passage of freight trains connected with joint and autonomous brake lines
    • Technology the most effective use of the air synchronization control and shutdown rods avtotormozami
    • Features of training and train driving increased weight and length with the production of locomotives in the head of the
    • Features of training and driving freight trains with trains of empty wagons to the number of axes from 400 to 480 with the setting of the locomotive in front of the train
    • Ensuring normal operation of compressors in the long-composite cargo trains
    • The need for a compressor engine for long-composite train
    • Key management techniques avtotormozami to ensure maintenance of freight trains laden with high weight and length without the occurrence of large longitudinal forces
    • The pressure value in the rear of the train
    • Special techniques for keeping a stopped train on the descent connected without a synchronization system with autonomous brake lines
    • Step inhibition may be in one's head in a train are connected trains without the synchronization system
    • Assessing the level of effort, resulting in inhibition of the brain only train in the United train (without synchronization system)
  • Passenger trains
    • Driving features connected passenger trains
      • Auxiliary brake
    • The maximum number of passenger cars in the train at korotkosostavnom mode
    • Increase the speed of freight and passenger trains in view of the effectiveness of brakes
      • Increasing the speed
    • Ensuring the maximum speed of freight trains increased weight
    • The importance of reducing the maximum speed of freight trains, which are located in the locomotive or in the rear of the train
      • Dining brake line
• Operation of brakes
  • Installation of high pressure in the brake charging network for freight trains in relation to passenger
    • Composite brake blocks
  • The influence of air leakage from the brake line
    • Causes of leaks
  • Check brake Network
  • The increase in allowable leak rate of 20%
  • The reasons for testing and nutrient density of the braking locomotive networks
  • Density change brake freight trains in the network (user TST-TSV-TSNII/3969)
  • Check brake network density of freight trains
    • The use of test results
  • Switching modes diffusers freight locomotives
  • Methods of actuation of the brakes, passenger and trains
  • Inclusion of the diffuser through a car without an accelerator emergency brake
    • Cars with diffusers № 292
  • Jamming pulse line between sections
  • The difference in the output shaft when the brake cylinder stage and complete inhibition
  • Output Norms stem
  • Install the clamp on the rod brake cylinder passenger car with composite blocks
  • The output shaft mounted for passenger cars with brake type RCC KE
  • Setting the minimum thickness of brake pads against the larger areas of non-stop trains are and downhill
  • Differences between the pads of the composite metal frame and setchatoprovolochnym
  • Check the distance to the rod screw avtoregulyatora
  • Determining the mode for the diffuser boxcar with no known his ¬ loaded
  • Check the crane operator's interaction with diffusers on a single locomotive
  • The first stage engine brake
  • Features of the full holiday avtotormozov testing in trains of different lengths
  • Standing time, after which it is necessary to validate avtotormozov
    • Checking and different standards
  • Feature fully automatic testing of electro-pneumatic brakes on and railcar signaling in the presence of vacation
    • Check electropneumatic brake
    • Checking the automatic braking
  • Complete testing of EPPs in a passenger train with locomotive traction
    • Features
  • Check the brakes at the beginning and the journey
  • Cases in which produce full and abbreviated EPI sampling and testing of their actions on the journey
  • Purpose of inspection of brakes on the journey
    • Traffic Safety
    • Designated inspection
    • Priority check
    • The specific test conditions
  • Cases in which it is authorized to release the brakes of a freight train steps
  • Cases in which a freight train to reduce the pressure in the brake line first step of more than 0.6-0.7 kg/cm2
  • Impact on the work avtotormozov long continuous braking on the plains and hills modes
    • Recommendations
    • Electric braking when descending
    • Economical use of electric braking
    • Emergency braking
    • Inhibition of heavy freight trains
  • Methods brake control on the court or down the slope a little
    • Deep discharge
  • Appointment of VA handles the crane driver
    • Proper use of
  • Pressure limits below which the service brake when not allowed to discharge the brake line for freight and passenger trains
    • Complete inhibition of
    • Freight trains
  • Reducing the pressure at the first stage of inhibition
  • The increase in pressure after staging a crane operator's hands in the 4-position
    • Dependence of the pressure
  • Ensuring a smooth braking and leave in passenger trains
  • Using 3rd and 4th of the crane driver to passenger trains
    • Protivoyuzovye device
    • Recommendations
  • Control features avtotormozami passenger train and what they are called, if it includes cars are direct international connections with brakes types KE, Oerlikon, with a step DAKO leave
    • Bring the train in motion
  • Differences in the inhibition of freight and passenger trains at the 4-position valve driver
  • Advantages and disadvantages of working with электровоздухораспределителей discharge train brake pipe and without discharge
    • Inhibition of electro-brake
  • Cases in which the discharge should slow down with the brake line
  • Advantages and disadvantages of duplicate supply electropneumatic brake
    • Ensuring the normal charging pressure
  • Features of the brake pad composition
    • Control Modes
  • Features inhibition of EPPs in the presence of a crane operator's position № 395 VA for inhibition dlinnosostavnyh freight trains
  • Office of the secondary brake of the locomotive on the route
    • Activation of the auxiliary brake
  • The maximum force is applied from the locomotive to the train
  • Management avtotormozami when starting a freight train on the rise
  • Emergency braking
    • Emergency braking with a sudden obstacle
    • Actuation of the valve number 254 secondary brake locomotive
    • Prohibition on termination of the emergency stopping
    • The need for an emergency brake, even if already in use full service
    • Actions after the driver stopped the train emergency braking on a slope
      • Mountain mode
  • Operation of brakes in the winter
    • Requirements for braking equipment to ensure its reliable operation in winter conditions
    • Spontaneous leave the brakes on the train at low temperatures, which has a supply air № 270-002 and 270-005
      • Example
    • The main features of avtotormozov service and management in winter
      • Freezing of brake cylinders
      • Remanufactured stock
      • Braking when approaching a station and descent
    • Backbone to enhance braking in freight trains
    • Supply air is stored at ambient temperature
    • Impact on the operation of braking devices in the winter
    • Replacing the rubber seals in the brake devices
  • Control the brakes on skorostemernym tapes
    • The tape speed indicator chetyrehmagnitnoy prefix
    • Determination of the place of a machinist electropneumatic brakes
    • Liquidation sverhzaryadnogo pressure
• Failure of the braking equipment
  • Spontaneous vacation avtotormozov
    • Faults diffusers
      • Leakage from the working chamber
      • Pressure decrease
      • Prolonged inhibition of
    • Spontaneous leave the brakes on some freight cars in emergency braking
    • Grounds on which the engineer can determine samorastsep in freight train and how he should act in this case
    • Break alarm
    • Installation of the reasons for termination of a freight train
      • Interruption in the recruitment rate of
    • Operation of the indicator break the brake line to the sensor № 418
      • Alarm condition
  • Overestimation of pressure charging
    • The transition to the normal charging pressure in the brake line
      • The transition to the normal pressure
    • The reason for raising the pressure in the brake line
      • Removal
  • The overlap of terminal cranes
    • The behavior of the overlapping of the oncoming air distributors or associated terminal crane in transit or stationary train
    • Self-locking in a train without a noticeable decrease in line pressure
      • The action of the driver
  • Freezing of the brake equipment
    • The formation of water in major reservoirs
      • Reducing the amount of moisture
    • Freezing of brake cylinders
  • Damage to the wheelset
    • The procedure permits the rolling stock with sliders on Wheels
    • The main reasons for sticking wheelsets
      • Infringement of rules
      • Recommendations
    • Disconnection of a faulty diffuser № 270-002 (270-005, 483)
      • Discharge
    • The formation of thermal cracks in the tires are locomotive wheelsets
    • Preventing the formation of cracks
  • Failures of electro-brake
    • Work cable chain electro-
      • Reasons for refusal
    • Malfunction of the selenium rectifier in electric passenger air distributor of electro-brake
    • The reasons for the passenger trains on the electro-braking, you can hook up to two cars on the pneumatic braking
    • The emergence of large longitudinal forces in the passenger train with an unacceptable violation of the smoothness of his motion for electro-pneumatic brakes
    • Functional testing of electrical lines and outlets for electric diffuser in electropneumatic brake
  • Faults crane driver and diffusers
    • Appointment of a crane operator's number 222 (394, 395)
    • Purpose of check valves in taps driver № 222, 328, 394, 395
      • The consequences of crossing the check valve
    • The consequences of a large leak from the tube connecting the surge chamber crane driver № 394 (395, 222, 228) or a narrowed channel, informing the equalizing reservoir with tap
    • Providing a negative effect on the train brakes
    • Faults diffuser № 292 leading to the spontaneous triggering of emergency brake instead of the service
      • The behavior of the driver
    • Cases in which the diffuser freight or passenger trains may give too high a pressure in the brake cylinders
• Design features and operation of the braking devices and equipment
  • Compressor plant
    • Blocking of compressors
    • Reasons for locomotives in compressor using special oils
    • Place of installation of safety valves
    • Reasons for use in locomotive compressors compress air two-step process
      • Two-stage compression
    • Terms of inspection and testing of the main tanks, brake cylinders, safety valves, pressure gauges and the connecting hoses on locomotives
  • Cranes driver and auxiliary brakes, air, electro-pneumatic brakes
    • Leave a second brake handle position the crane driver № 222
    • Abrupt release of air through the exhaust valve driver № 222
    • Crane № 254 engine auxiliary brake
    • Reasons for a pulse line (line of auxiliary brake) is an additional reservoir
    • Stabilizer crane driver № 394
    • Reasons for a crane operator's № 394 volume equalizing reservoir increased to 20 l
    • Check the crane driver with the release of repair
    • Check the operation of the crane auxiliary brake № 254 after repairs
    • Reasons for the piston sleeve diffuser № 292 has three holes on 1.25 mm
    • During filling of the brake cylinder, with full service and emergency braking
    • Standardization of the modern domestic freight diffuser
    • Improving the reliability diffusers № 483 as compared with the diffuser № 270
      • Increasing the speed
    • Charging the spare tanks in cargo trains
    • The charging time of the working chamber and a reserve tank
      • Recommendations
    • The relationship between the decrease in pressure in the brake pipe, the pressure in the chamber and in the brake cylinder
    • The peculiarity of the diffusers on the cars and eight-tank
    • Plain and mountain vacation mode with diffusers № 270, 483
      • The flat mode
      • Mountain mode
    • The retarder brake cylinder filling
    • Defusing the brake line during braking diffuser № 270-002, 270-005, 483
      • The diffuser № 270-002
      • Full service braking
      • Emergency braking
      • The diffuser № 270-005
      • The diffuser № 483
    • Plunzhar backbone of the
    • Pistons diffusers № 270-002, 270-005, 483
    • The absence of a freight train brakes are not applied emergency brake boosters
    • Requirements for rubber products and lubricants used in the braking devices
    • Benefits of thyristor-type PT-EPI-P compared with PSUs BP-EPI-P electropneumatic brake electric and diesel locomotives
  • The mechanical part of the brake
    • Feature of the automatic brake control linkage on a steep downhill
    • Reasons for freight cars on the brake shoes have a hard landing on Triangel, and the passenger - swivel with brake beam
    • The gear ratio brake rigging gear
    • Composite brake blocks
    • Reasons for suspensions in the joints Triangel wagons with the bracket introduced by rubber bushings
    • The peculiarity of the work and the benefits of bilateral pressing brake pads
    • The advantages of disc brakes in front of shoe
    • The operating principle of the device protivoyuznogo brakes KE
    • Benefits of connecting hoses and brake lines with a nutrient tube with an internal diameter of 35mm
• The effectiveness of the brake
  • The coefficient of adhesion between wheels and rails
  • Actual and estimated strength of cast iron and pressed composite brake blocks
  • The maximum pressure in the brake cylinder of a freight train
  • Reasons for the design pressure in the brake cylinders laden mode shall only 4 kg/cm2
  • Vysokofosforistye brake pads in the calculation of the brake pressed in electric
  • Estimated brake pressing on the axle of the locomotive, if the diffuser is included in the average mode
  • Security of the freight train loaded with up to 90 km / h
  • The maximum train speed in low brake is pressed
  • Impact on the brakes to freight trains
  • Estimated brake clicking when the train reference checking and avtotormozov skorostemernoy tape
• Brake press and the mass of the locomotive